Author: TC0241

Posted on

Bukhara 22



Today you get a History lesson gleaned from various sources

Persian prince Siyavush, who built a citadel here shortly after marrying the daughter of Afrosiab in Samarkand, is the traditional founder of Bukhara city, but its growth has for centuries depended largely upon its strategic location on the crossroads to Merv, Gurganj, Herat, Kabul and Samarkand. The early town was taken by the Persian Achaemenids in the sixth century BC, by Alexander the Great in 329 BC and by the empires of the Hephalite and the Kushan.


Bukhara city was left largely unmolested until the fire-worshipping city was taken by Qutaiba in 709 in the first leg of his jihad against the lands beyond the Oxus (more about the Oxus and Alexander in a few days)


As usual Genghis Khan had a hand in what happened next. In March 1220 the Mongol tide of calamity was spotted outside Bukhara’s gates, its troops more numerous than locusts, each detachment like a billowing sea. Thirty thousand defensive troops sped to meet them and were slaughtered to a man. “From the reflection of the sun the plain seemed to be a tray filled with blood.” Their leader Genghis Khan, The Wind of God’s Omnipotence, rode to the Namazgokh Mosque, and proclaimed himself the Scourge of God. “If you had not committed great sins,” he said, “God would not have sent a punishment like me”.


The citadel was taken, the city put to the torch and razed to a level plain. No man was spared who stood higher than the butt of a whip. trains of slaves were seen snaking away from the charred remains of the holy town, to be employed as human shields in the forthcoming assault on Samarkand. (This was part of the Merv thing from a few days back remember when they killed his ambassador and he got pissed off with them)


Due to its ideal location on the famous Silk Road, Bukhara had long been a center of culture, religion, trade, and education. At one time in the history Bukhara was the largest city in the world with 300,00 people living in or around it. Described as a beautiful place full of vegetation and tree lined roads but including a protective wall which stretched of an incredible 30 km it was also very much a center of education and scholarly study. In fact, Bukhara became known throughout the East as The Center of Enlightenment. Many well-known philosophers, scholars, astrologers, educators and writers were either from Bukhara or came to this city to work and study. It was also an extremely important commercial center.


But by the time it was conquered by Genghis Khan, Bukhara had already been operating and flourishing for well over one thousand years. The only thing he spared was the Kalan Minaret, which actually still stands today.


The Kalan Minaret, one of the wonders of both the ancient and the modern world, stands nearly one hundred and fifty feet high. At one time this minaret served as a beacon to caravans on the Silk Road, letting them know they were approaching Bukhara.




Perhaps one of the most infamous episodes to take place hre was the killing of
British officers Col. Charles Stoddart and Capt. Arthur Conolly in 1842. Victims of a misunderstanding between the Emir of Bukhara and the British government (which failed to supply its emissaries with the appropriate gifts and royal letters of introduction), the two were imprisoned in the Bug Pit at the Zindan (city jail), then forced to dig their own graves before their ceremonial beheading in front of the Ark (the Emir’s palace).

In 1848 it had no fewer than 38 caravanserais, six trading arcades, 16 public baths, and 45 bazaars. Bukhara was also the largest centre for Muslim theology with over two hundred mosques and more than a hundred medressehs.


This indeed was a place to rival Samarkand


Posted on

Uzbekistan 21



Our next hotel is slap bang in the middle of Buchara town and whilst we can not get the coach near there are several young boys who eagerly rush around looking after our bags.

 


Now I don’t normally show pictures of hotels but this is an exception as it is a restored merchants house so lots of courtyards and rooftop terraces and they have retained much of the local culture and decoration so this is quite a change from the Soviet style we have become accustomed to.


  
 


See very nice indeed,


We arrive in the early evening and after settling in we go off for dinner which is had on a restaurant rooftop which serves to remind us it is still very warm around here (we were told to expect a continental European climate so late Sept we were expecting to need jerseys and coats not shorts and sunscreen)


A little bit of background from Wikipedia



Bukhara and the region around has been inhabited since around the 6th century BC, and the city itself has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long been a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion.

The historic center of Bukhara, which contains numerous mosques and madrassa’s, has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

Persian-speaking Tajiks constitute the largest element of the city’s population remember I told you Stalin had changed the borders and it use to be in Tajikistan hence the people speak Tajik.

The city has long had a mixed population including Jews and other ethnic minorities, (more about these people in a day or two)

Posted on

Uzbekistan 20



So onward we go towards Bukhara with a stop off at the Chor Bakr Necropolis a few miles outside the town.

Before then we have a minor traffic jam involving a heard of goats and spotted the end of the pipeline not sure where it starts but this is possibly where it ends

 


The Necropolis (city of the Dead which is a fancy title) is very well presented although the hawkers seem to have got the sent of money and seem to be a little more push then normal.


The memorial complex of Chor-Bakr was built over the burial place of Abu-Bakr-Said, who died in the year 360 of the Muslim Calendar 970 AD to you an me, and who was one of the four of Abu-Bakrs (Chor-Bakr) Fazl, Ahmed and Hamed, all direct descendents of the Prophet Muhammad (which believe me was quite a big deal both then and now). They appear to have forgotten exactly which tomb is which but not sure that matters too much.


The complex includes the necropolis of family tombs of wealthy who by being buried close by hope for salvation through association, there are several courtyards with enclosed with walls surrounding the area.



Note in central Asia people are not buried under the ground (well not until the Russians insisted anyway) they place people on the ground and then build a shell over them it is at first a little spooky but its just what they do.

 


   

Some of the other building in the complex seem to have been given over to local crafts people who have set up small workshops in them which at first seemed a little odd but on reflection sounds like an excellent idea.

 

Posted on

Turkmenistan 19



We now have a very long drive across some desert plateau with only one “bush” stop which I have to say seem more hygienic that actually trying to use the toilets around these parts.

Mike is trying to find our exact location but not sure how accurate the map is or how knowledgeable the local guide is.

 
 

We have a one night stay in an interesting hotel the “Jeyhun” which whilst looking impressive actually leaves a lot to be desired. Who puts 14 steps up to a hotel reception and no ramp and a bell boy who watches you haul your cases but does nothing to help.


The only interesting thing is the food is actually quite good. Home made Manit (no not the currency) which are steamed dumplings with minced something in and quite tasty and as usual lots of bread.



There is a supermarket across the road which we think might be useful for some nibbles although the 3 lanes of dual carriageway either side don’t look too inviting however as ever we are up for the challenge.


It is just a small shop with the usual, crisps (chips) nuts, coke, chocolate and lots and lots of water and vodka. In the end not sure that is was worth it but we do buy some bits to keep us amused during the long coach trip we are constantly taking so mission accomplished.



Up early for breakfast and whilst looking for the right place to eat I stumble across a bar a a snooker room we were not told of that would have made the evening a little more entertaining but too late now.


Breakfast is not our usual buffet but a proper cooked one, well I say proper it was pseudo full English with some local replacements and I say cooked but there were some pink sausages which were actually chilled so not just not cooked but actually just out of the fridge. These I declined to eat as my life is dangerous enough without adding to it.



Back on the road and across another border this time back into Uzbekistan what joy, (I never told you about us arriving in Tashkent and taking around 2 – 2.5 hours to clear the customs and immigration queue.


Needless to say this crossing is as good as the last and we hang around for a couple of hours while lots of important people do lots of important things none of which are designed to help us on our way.


It might be this border (I lost count) where the no-mans-land was actually 2km and although there was a little shuttle but (and I mean little) it only ran half way so we had to wait right in the middle of nowhere for everyone to arrive and then walk the last 1km dragging our cases although to be fair we are getting used to it now. Its not like in the movies where you see people leaving one and getting a warm welcome at the next no we get the same treatment from both sides.



All this said we do make it across and we are now on our way to Buchara which is quite exciting Jonathan has been telling us that this is his favorite place on the trip.



We stop for lunch at which was “ok”


 



and I meet a friend although not sure he is happy about it.



 

I note the toilets were disgusting and we had to pay as well Doh!!!! maybe they are saving up to build some half decent ones.


Luckily they are far away from the food.  

Posted on

Turkmenistan 18




Some facts you are possibly not aware of Turkmenistan is one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. It is largely a desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated areas, and huge gas and oil resources. In terms of natural gas reserves, it is ranked 4th in the world. Regarding agriculture, the two largest crops are cotton, most of which is produced for export, and wheat, which is domestically consumed.

Turkmenistan is among the top ten producers of cotton in the world.



It is all because of the American Civil War. In the 1860’s the import of cotton from the US to Russia was disrupted and so the price shot up. This made it an increasingly important commodity in the region so they decided to grow it themselves, well they had lots of space and cotton had been grown for thousands of years in Central Asia although its cultivation was on a much lesser scale than during the Soviet period.


The cotton trade at first actually led to improvements in the region the Transcaspian Railway from Krasnovodsk to Samarkand and Tashkent, and the Trans-Aral Railway from Orenburg to Tashkent were constructed.

In the long term the development of a cotton monoculture would render Turkestan dependent on food imports from Western Siberia as they swapped food growing for cotton growing.



These days there is a lot of debate on the topic of cotton. There is a lot of talk about the “Aral Sea” a large body of water in Asia which is rapidly diminishing well guess what started it all cotton.


The Russians needed to irrigate their cotton fields so they used water from this lake.

This is what Wikipedia has to say.

In the early 1960s, the Soviet government decided the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea, the Amu Darya in the south and the Syr Darya in the northeast, would be diverted to irrigate the desert, in an attempt to grow rice, melons, cereals, and cotton. This was part of the Soviet plan for cotton, or “white gold”, to become a major export. This temporarily succeeded, and in 1988 Uzbekistan was the world’s largest exporter of cotton.


The construction of irrigation canals began on a large scale in the 1940s. Many of the canals were poorly built, allowing water to leak or evaporate. From the Qaraqum Canal, the largest in Central Asia, perhaps 30 to 75% of the water went to waste. Today, only 12% of Uzbekistan’s irrigation canal length is waterproofed.


Another discussion point is the use of children to help pick the cotton. half the population work in agriculture and there is an “expectation” that everyone helps pick the harvest and that really means everyone. No matter where you live or what job you do you are expected to volunteer to assist. The picking is almost all hand done.

There was a campaign a couple of years back to outlaw children working in these fields (which are everywhere, trust me everywhere) so the President passed a law which forbade children picking cotton. I am not sure how well it is being enforced. We did see a lot of cotton picking and to be honest I can’t say I actually saw children working in the fields there may have been some but certainly not huge numbers.


Interestingly there was a comedy show on the other night called “The Ambassadors” staring Mitchell and Webb and this topic was part of the script which was quite a spooky coincidence.



whilst you are not supposed to take pictures of people picking cotton here are a few random shots which resulted as my camera went off (several times) whilst I was cleaning it.










Yes these really are mounds of cotton who would have guessed



Posted on

Turkmenistan 17




Well we are up an out at the crack of dawn and before you know it we are on a plane and off to Mary Turkmenistan’s second largest Airport and off to Merv which is another one of those very ancient places we will visit.

This and Kunya Urgench (see posting 12) were once the jewels in the crown of this area in the 3rd to 6th century BC and again this place upset Genghis Khan



Merv was known as Margiana or Margush in Alexander the Great’s time. Under the Persian Sassanians, it was considered religiously liberal, with significant populations of Christians, Buddhists and Zoroastrians cohabiting peacefully. As a centre of power, culture and civilisation, Merv reached its greatest heights during the peak of the Silk Route in the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Seljuq Turks made it their capital.


Legendary Merv may even have been the inspiration for the tales of Scheherazade’s The Thousand and One Nights.


Merv suffered a number of attacks over the course of its history, but instead of being re­built on top of the older ruins, Merv slowly spread west. In total, five cities were constructed next to each other, largely because of the shifting rivers. The oldest section was the Erk Kala and in later centuries most people lived in the vast walled city called Sultan Kala once noted as the largest city in the world.


All of this was completely eradicated in 1221 under the onslaught of the Mongols. In 1218 Genghis Khan demanded a substantial tithe of grain from Merv, along with the pick of the city’s most beautiful young women. The unwise Seljuq response was to slay the tax collectors. In retribution Tolui, the most brutal of Genghis Khan’s sons, arrived three years later at the head of an army, accepted the peaceful surrender of the terrified citizens, and then proceeded to butcher every last one of the city’s inhabitants, an estimated 300, 000 people although this was the low estimate and it could have been closer to 1,000,000. What is know is each Mongol soldier was tasked with killing several hundred people the only people spared were around 400 artisans


Merv made a small comeback in the 15th century and was soon at the centre of a territorial dispute between the rulers of Bukhara, Khiva and Persia. Persian influence eventually won out when a noble named Bairam Ali rebuilt the dam, which allowed the irrigated region to prosper and encouraged free trade. The Emir of Bukhara struck back with military force, captured the city, and utterly destroyed it in 1795.


So as you see little is left of the place apart from some ruined mud buildings and a very large circular mound.

   
Who can resist a heard of camels



 







One rather interesting if a little odd anecdote was that as we were wandering around a car pulled up and the passenger started randomly distributing bread to us.


Not sure if we looked hungry or if it is a custom either way it was very welcome. 


 


As we travel towards Turkmenabat where we are staying for the night we visit the Mausoleum of Sultan Sanjar one of the most powerful Khorezmian Rulers
of Iran.


 

(This shows how the borders have shifted) if you get 5 minutes you might want to Google him as he had a long and interesting life.


The Mausoleum seems to be in the middle of nowhere.


Interesting bus in the car park not ours I hasten to add.

Posted on

Turkmenistan 16



Well after lunch we continue the cultural part of our tour and head for the Carpet museum which is noted for its huge Tekke carpets.

One Tekke carpet measures 193m² and weighs a metric tonne and was made by some 40 people in 1941 to make a curtain for the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.

Another, made in 2001, is even larger, measuring 301m² and 14 by 21.2 metres and was made to commemorate 10 years of Turkmen independence from the Soviet Union.

It is recognized by the Guinness World Records as the largest hand-woven carpet in the world.

I tell you this only because there are no photos you are not allowed not exactly sure why and you don’t bother to ask because there things are what they are, I’m not actually sure the staff want us to be there either given their lack of interest. After this we are off on a whistle stop tour of the town which all seems very new, I may have mentioned this but it’s a bit like Vegas everything looks new and shiny.


There are lots of statues and monuments all of which are a little overstated but none the less interesting.











Posted on

Turkmenistan 13



After all this history we are back on plan and off to another airport (TAZ) Dashoguz Airport to be exact and we are off to (  ASB  ) Ashgabat Airport .


Now if you search for this flight on the web it will say it does not exist and if you check the airports they both say there is not a flight between them which is weird as I was on it but whatever.


Anyway we are at a very small airport indeed probably 1/3 of the size of the last one although it still has several scanners just to keep us in check.


Our group of 20+ is quite a lot for such a small place and quite a novelty and it is getting very very crowded happily it does have some facilities including a snack bar for coffee.


I have already changed some money in preparation so no repeat of the Amir Timur square debacle. The Turkmenistan Manat is around 3 to the $1 or 4.5 to the GBP either way we can’t buy a coffee this time because they have run out and only have tea.

We get priority boarding allowing us to stand outside first but I doubt this is anything other than something to get us out of the way so the locals can settle down on the few chairs they have scattered around.
PS don’t even think about using the toilets. 


Given I am almost the youngest of the group I manage to overtake everyone and get on the plane first which Judi would be proud of.


Not much of a flight 270 km so quick up and down only thing to note was none of the locals turned off their phones and many did not even stop their calls at any point during the flight. 


Next you know we are putting cases on another coach and driving off to our hotel The Grand Turkmen which is 30 minutes away.


This is a business class hotel and as you would expect it is full of businessmen plus some United Nations Development personnel who seem to have a conference going on here.


 


 

 


Interestingly the whole Hotel smells of cigarettes which in this day and age is quite unusual, you only get to smell cigarettes outside shopping malls and office buildings.


Quite nostalgic, although I gave up a couple of years ago I still feel the pull every now and again (by that I mean every day) but know I can never let it happen again.

 


A small room on the 3rd floor with a balcony and 2 ashtrays with matches, these people know how to set up a room.


Nip down to the bar to meet up with Mike and get a coffee (well I had been waiting a couple of hours).


The bar is on the 1st floor (2nd for you Americans) and as soon as you get out of the lift there is a sort of disco blaring out.


Large loud speakers and a spinning glitter ball and a DJ looking the part in rather shiny white shirt and flared trousers.


I order my coffee and notice the three “Natasha’s” sitting in the corner. Young, good looking, 4.5 inch killer heels, tight dresses and all focused on their mobile phones.


Not exactly sure what they are doing there but one could speculate. (the following day Jonathan explained they were working girls which might be a euphemism)

 


Finish the coffee and Mike his beer and try and put the bill on my room only to find out it is a cash only bar which is a pain as I used up most of my Manat but that is the least of my problems as there is now a Saxophonist adding more noise to the disco and both are a little close to the lift for me and as I get out on my floor I can still feel the place vibrating however the smell of cigarette smoke distracts me.


Up for breakfast which is also on the 1st (2nd) floor and just about ok not stunning but adequate. We are off on a city tour but we are told to be careful as photography is restricted in many areas.


 

Posted on

Turkmenistan 12



Well safely over the border and on to another adventure although slightly more on the “Imagine this was once” side. 
We are visiting a place called Kunya Urgench which was the capitol of the once powerful Khorezm Kingdom, don’t worry I have not idea about any of this either but the book says it has been here since 6th century BC which probably makes it the oldest are a we will see on this trip.
This place is also the first time we encounter history we “might” know something about. You should have heard about Genghis Khan well it should be Chinghis Khan so that’s that cleared up. Anyway you know he was a bloodthirsty type and liked conquering things well this place is one of them.


After quite a long siege where the defenders held out for a while the Mongols diverted a river and broke the local resistance and then all hell broke loose.


Here is a note I found on the web about it




Genghis, at this point, was willing to give his neighbors another chance, figuring that perhaps they simply didn’t realize who they were messing with.

He sent a delegation to Inalchuq’s boss, Shah Ala ad-Din (Aladin Mmmmmmmmm I wonder) Muhammad II, to ask whats up.
The Shah responded by shaving the heads of the Mongol ambassadors, and sent their interpreter home without a head


The Payback:


When he learned about the massacre of his envoy, Genghis nodded and quietly went off into the mountains to count to 10 and compose himself.


After thinking it through for a few days, he returned refreshed, then gave Khwarezmid a pounding unlike any the world would see until World War II.


To avenge his lost messengers, Genghis deployed three of his “four dogs” of war, which included Subutai, better known as the greatest general who ever lived. After laying siege to Inalchuq’s citadel for six months with newly-acquired Chinese technologies,


Genghis finally obtained a refund for his fruit basket; supposedly by pouring molten silver into Inalchuq’s eyes and mouth.


Then he went after the Shah. Genghis Khan stormed into Khwarezmia with up to 200,000 of the best trained soldiers in the world, destroyed an army five times his size, and even diverted rivers to wipe the Sultan’s birthplace off the map.


By the time Genghis was finished, “not even dogs or cats” were spared.

The entire empire was literally erased, its four million inhabitants reduced to mounds of skeletons.

The Shah himself escaped to an island in the Caspian Sea, where he died of pleurisy, bankrupt and alone.


Thus cementing the popular adage, “don’t kill the messenger.” Especially if he works for Genghis Khan



So the great Khwarezmian Empire dissolved in a campaign that lasted less than six months.


Although always ruthless, Genghis Khan was especially vindictive; the great cities of the empire–Bukhara, Samarkand, Herat, Merv and Urgench–were destroyed.


You have never heard of Merv and Urgench because the destruction was that thorough.


(A town in northern Iran became so crowded with refugees from the Mongols that it grew to some prominence: Tehran).


While the Khwarezmian Empire is not remembered, Genghis Khan’s visit there is. It still is studied in military science as the inspiration and prototype of modern mechanized warfare. Blitzkrieg should be a Mongolian word.

So now you know =========================



The photos are not from the original settlement (unsurprisingly)
but from the post Timurid period (there’s that name again)



This is the Turabeg Khanum Mausoleum described in my book as and I quote “One of Central Asia’s most Perfect buildings” a giant calendar, 365
sections, 24 pointed arches 12 large arches and 4 big windows not sure anyone
would have worked this out from what I saw but maybe after renovation it will
return to its former glory.

  

 Gutlug Timur Minaret built 1320’s  59 meters tall (it used to be taller).

  

Posted on

Urgench 11 (New)



So we board the plane and after a few more seat shuffling we settle down I am in row 4 with only locals in front of me.


A couple of business men a stout fellow in the seat in front of me who is trying to get the seat to go back but failing to press the button so he is just bracing himself against the floor and heaving which sort of works as he breaks the chair and it is now tilted on one side only so all he can do is look directly across at the guy in the window seat, he looks like a wrestler so I think it best not to comment (it is a small plane after all) there is a woman at the front with a red plastic bucket the sort you might use with your mop but this one had a muslin cover over it no idea what is in it or how she managed to get it through the scanner.


We take off and by the time we get to our cruising height we are on our way down again.  Whilst waiting for our bags I try and get a peek at the red plastic bucket but it is being closely guarded and so it will remain a mystery to me.


Leaving the terminal building some guy wants to check the tags on our baggage against our slips but we don’t have them the tour guide Jonathan checked us all in so he has all the tags stuck on his ticket. After a few minutes trying to match the first tag to a bag he realizes it’s a lost cause and lets us all through.


Outside we can see our coach which is good but there is a fence between us and it which is bad. We have to walk the best part of a kilometer around the new building works to get to it.


It seems wherever you are in the world these days that the Chinese are helping people build airports and roads and here is an example. Add to this the inability to get pavements to meet roads or pavements to be level and you have our route which is actually broken ground.


We fling our cases into the coach and off we go. We are not staying in Urgench we are off to Khiva which is our first dip into the silk Road Route.

Now we are staying outside the walls, right outside them actually in the “Hotel Asia” and they have laid on some Broth for us as we are arriving late which is nice and a local beer helps relax us after quite a long day.


We are in a low rise annex away from the reception, it is an interesting place with what looks like a nice pool and what seems to be an open air cinema neither of which I feel we will get the time to use.


A few random pictures I took during the day to keep the post colorful.